Thermodynamically, a fermentation is an exergonic process with a free energy of ΔG°′ <−20 kJ/mol. ΔG° is defined for 1 M substrates and products, 10 5 Pa for gasses and at a temperature of 298 K. Under biological conditions, in dilute aqueous solutions (55.5 M H 2 O) and at pH 7.0, ΔG°′ is used.

2017/1/1/ · An efficient anaerobic reactor design requires a thorough understanding of the physiological requirements for diverse microbial groups, namely

2023/4/14/ · The scale-up technology of anaerobic fermentation stirring equipment is worthy of attention. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to study the scale-up of anaerobic fermentation mixing under different solid content conditions. The applicability of different scale-up criteria was analyzed by investigating the relative

2020/8/15/ · Traditional solid-state fermentation is used to produce numerous valuable products [1], [2], [3].Chinese liquor, or Baijiu, is one of these products [4].In 2016, the Chinese consumed approximately 4 billion liters of Chinese liquor with a value of about $97 billion [5]. Baijiu is produced by anaerobic solid-state fermentation in pits embedded in

2012/11/1/ · This review discusses microorganisms associated with anaerobic digestion of dairy food wastewater, biochemistry of the process, factors affecting anaerobic digestion, and efforts to develop defined cultures. Anaerobic digestion of dairy food wastewater offers many advantages over other treatments in that a high level of waste stabilization is

1973/1/1/ · FUNDAMENTALS OF FERMENTER DESIGN N. BLAKEBROUGH Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, UK ABSTRACT The influences of environmental (macro) conditions and those on the cell level are treated from the point of view of heat- and mass-transfer in microbial systems. The effects considered

2023/11/1/ · Understanding and design of two-stage fermentation: a perspective of interspecies electron transfer. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 168 (2022) Coproduction of hydrogen and methane via anaerobic fermentation of cornstalk waste in continuous stirred tank reactor integrated with up-flow anaerobic sludge bed. Bioresour Technol, 114

2023/8/21/ · Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is used widely and increasingly in wastewater treatment plants, resulting in its inevitably high production in sludge. Previous studies have indicated that the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is inhibited by the existence of PAC in sludge anaerobic fermentation, so it is necessary to study how

bioreactors and fermenters, including cells (like mammalian cell lines, insect cells, and stem cells), microorganisms (like bacteria, yeasts, and fungi), as well as plant cells and algae. Bioreactor and fermenter are two words for basically the same thing. Scientists who cultivate bacteria, yeast, or fungi often use the term fermenter. The

Fermentation is another anaerobic (non-oxygen-requiring) pathway for breaking down glucose, one that's performed by many types of organisms and cells. In fermentation, the only energy extraction pathway is glycolysis, with one or two extra reactions tacked on at the end. Fermentation and cellular respiration begin the same way, with glycolysis.

4 天之前 · Fermentation and anaerobic respiration. Respiration refers to the reduction of oxygen by electrons from the electron transport chains coupled to the generation of a proton motive force through electron transport phosphorylation (ETP; Section 5.8). Under anaerobic conditions, some microorganisms grow using an ETP process with externally

2022/2/1/ · parameters applied during fermentation t o ensure optimum performance of the fermenter and production of quality and products in optimum quantity. It is a nother approach to medium design and is

2016/6/3/ · Anaerobic digestion is the controlled breakdown of organic matter into methane gas (60%), carbon dioxide (40%), trace components along with digested used

2017/9/27/ · In the second step, the anaerobic fermentation of water-soluble hydrolysis products occurs and a mixture of different organic acids (mainly acetate, propionate, and n-butyrate), alcohols, carbon dioxide (CO 2), and hydrogen (H 2) is produced. Not always the fermentation products are the direct result of a linear …